-to explain how the orbitals of an atom are rearranged when the atom forms covalent bonds, hybridization is used. - Hybridization = the mixing of 2 or more atomic orbitals of similar energies on the same atom to produce new hybrid atomic orbitals of equal energies
e.g. CH4 (Methane)
- C has 4 valence electrons (2 in 2s and 2 in 2p) - it is tetrahedral -to achieve 4 equivalent bonds, carbon's one 2s and three 2p orbitals hybridize to form 4 new, identical orbitals called sp^3
- all 4 (s,p,p,p) hybrid orbitals in the sp&3 are equivalent in energy. - 2s < hybrid energy < 2p
Types of molecules and their shapes:
ReplyDeleteAB2-Linear
AB3- Trigonal Planar
AB2E- Bent
AB4- Tetrehedral
AB3E- Trigonal pyramidal
AB2E2- Bent
AB5- Trigonal bipyramidal
AB6- Octahedral
cool site about atomic geometry
ReplyDeletehttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZlVUXLBJg14
Hybrid orbitals are orbitals of equal energy produced by the combination of two or more orbitals on the same atom.
ReplyDeleteVSEPR theory is useful for explaining the shapes of molecules.
ReplyDeleteHybridization Notes
ReplyDelete-to explain how the orbitals of an atom are rearranged when the atom forms covalent bonds, hybridization is used.
- Hybridization = the mixing of 2 or more atomic orbitals of similar energies on the same atom to produce new hybrid atomic orbitals of equal energies
e.g. CH4 (Methane)
- C has 4 valence electrons (2 in 2s and 2 in 2p)
- it is tetrahedral
-to achieve 4 equivalent bonds, carbon's one 2s and three 2p orbitals hybridize to form 4 new, identical orbitals called sp^3
- all 4 (s,p,p,p) hybrid orbitals in the sp&3 are equivalent in energy.
- 2s < hybrid energy < 2p
Great site on Hybrid Orbitals!
ReplyDeletewww.mhhe.com/physsci/chemistry/essentialchemistry/.../hybrv18.swf
More stuff on the VESPR theory
ReplyDeletehttp://intro.chem.okstate.edu/1314F97/Chapter9/VSEPR.html
Hybridization
ReplyDeleteVSEPR Theory is useful for predicting and explaining the shapes of molecule.
A step further must be taken to explain how the orbitals of an atom are rearranged when the atom forms covalent bonds.
For this purpose, we use the model of hybridization, which is the mixing of two or more atomic orbitals of similar energies.
http://chemistry.boisestate.edu/people/richardbanks/inorganic/bonding%20and%20hybridization/bonding_hybridization.htm
ReplyDeleteThis site pretty much covers everthing we have talked about this chapter
QUIZ IS TOMMOROW! BE PREPARED GUYS, and Nick, it's okay; we forgive you.
ReplyDeletehttp://intro.chem.okstate.edu/1314F00/Lecture/Chapter10/VSEPR.html
ReplyDeleteThis site is about molecular geometry.
site explains vsepr theory
ReplyDeletehttp://www.uwosh.edu/faculty_staff/xie/tutorial/vsepr.htm
ReplyDeleteahaha don't forget about the differences between malleability and ductility
ReplyDelete